The relationship between Ethylene Oxide, Surfactants and 1,4-Dioxane

There is a direct chemical relationship between Ethylene Oxide, certain surfactants, and the contaminant 1,4-Dioxane. Understanding this link is crucial for modern cosmetic formulation.

The Process: Ethoxylation

Ethylene Oxide (EtO) is a raw material used in a process called "ethoxylation." This process involves reacting EtO with other compounds, often fatty alcohols, to create surfactants like Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) and Polysorbates. Ethoxylation makes these ingredients more water-soluble and effective as foaming agents and emulsifiers.

The Byproduct: 1,4-Dioxane

While ethoxylation yields beneficial surfactants, it can inadvertently lead to the formation of 1,4-Dioxane as a byproduct. 1,4-Dioxane is not an added ingredient; it is a contaminant that forms during the manufacturing process. It is classified as a likely human carcinogen.

Regulatory Action

Due to health concerns, states like New York have enacted laws setting very low limits (down to 1 ppm) on 1,4-Dioxane in consumer products. This effectively bans the use of standard ethoxylated surfactants unless they have been processed (e.g., via vacuum stripping) to remove the contaminant.

Ascent Scientific can analyze your raw materials and finished products to ensure they meet these new, stricter standards, keeping your products safe and compliant.